Dry mouth occurs when there is not enough saliva, or spit to keep your mouth moist and comfortable. Dry mouth is not a disease. It is a side effect of taking medications or can be a symptom of certain diseases or conditions.
Dry mouth is a common complaint amongst older adults but can occur at any age. It is not a normal sign of aging.
Causes
The most common cause of dry mouth is prescribed and over-the counter medications, such as:
| Amphetamines | Antihypertensives | Bronchodilators |
| Antianxiety drugs | Antiparkinsonians | Decongestants |
| Antidepressants (tricyclics) | Antipsychotics | Diuretics |
| Anticholinergics (atropine) | Antispasmodics | Hypnotics |
| Anticonvulsants | Appetite suppressants | Muscle relaxants |
| Antihistamines | Barbiturates | Opioid (narcotic) analgesics |
Symptoms
- A sticky, dry or burning feeling in the mouth, throat or nasal passages
- Lips or corners of mouth are cracked
- Lips may stick to teeth or dentures
- Saliva is thick and stringy
- Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting or speaking
Affect on oral health
Saliva helps to protect teeth by neutralizing the acid caused by plaque that leads to tooth decay. In addition, decreased saliva leads to:
- plaque buildup
- gingivitis and gum disease
- dentures being less comfortable to wear
- bad breath
Tips to manage dry mouth
- Daily mouth care: clean teeth, gums and dentures
- Brush teeth with a high fluoride toothpaste
- Use a high fluoride mouth rinse
- Take frequent sips of water to keep the mouth moist
- Chew sugar-free gum or candy to stimulate saliva
- Avoid tobacco, alcohol, caffeinated beverages and sugary drinks
- Speak to your dentist about products that can help keep your mouth moist
- Have regular dental and professional cleanings
Source: British Columbia Dental Association